A Theory of Theories in Information Systems

The aim of this paper is to explore what is meant by ‘theory’ in Information Systems. Different conceptions of causality are discussed, as they are seen as key to understanding different types of theory. Five different types of theory are distinguished: (i) theory for analysing and describing, (ii) theory for understanding, (iii) theory for predicting, (iv) theory for explaining and predicting, and (v) theory for design and action. Illustrations of relevant work in Information Systems are provided, as are relevant research methods, and the form of contributions to knowledge in each. The limited discussion of the nature of theory in Information Systems indicates that further work is needed, particularly with respect to theory for design and action.